See water in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "waterles"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "water"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en-geo",
"word": "watter"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en-geo",
"word": "wetter"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "watter"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "waudher"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "wadher"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "wather"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*wed-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wed-#Proto-Indo-European:_water"
],
[
"*-r̥",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r̥#Proto-Indo-European:_mass_nouns"
],
[
"*wódr̥",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wódr̥#Proto-Indo-European:_water"
],
[
"*watōr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/watōr#Proto-Germanic:_water"
],
[
"*watar",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/watar#Proto-West_Germanic:_water"
],
[
"wæter",
"wæter#Old_English:_water"
],
[
"wæter",
"wæter#Old_English"
],
[
"*watar",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/watar"
],
[
"*watōr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/watōr"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wed-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:wæter<id:water>",
"id": "liquid",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wed-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *wódr̥\nProto-Germanic *watōr\nProto-West Germanic *watar\nOld English wæter\nMiddle English water\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*watōr\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*watar\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"wæter\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"water\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"liquid\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"water\" id=\"Middle_English:_liquid\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wæter"
},
"expansion": "Old English wæter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*watar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *watar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*watōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *watōr",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wed-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *wódr̥\nProto-Germanic *watōr\nProto-West Germanic *watar\nOld English wæter\nMiddle English water\nFrom Old English wæter, from Proto-West Germanic *watar, from Proto-Germanic *watōr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wateres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "watere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "watir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "waterre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "water",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "wateres"
},
"expansion": "water (plural wateres)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
76,
81
]
],
"ref": "c. 1190, Layamon, Brut, MS. Cotton Caligula A ix edition:",
"text": "al ſwa great ſwa a beam:\nþe he leide in ane walle ſtream.\nÞe ilke makeð þat water hot:\n& þan folc halwende.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"water (liquid H₂O)"
],
"id": "en-water-enm-noun-RnCmULYW",
"links": [
[
"water",
"water#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 6 6 0 3 3 5 0 5 2 1 6 1 4 5 1 1 2 1 2 4 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 7 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 13 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 3 0 1 6 6 0 3 3 6 0 5 2 0 7 0 4 4 0 0 2 1 2 4 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 7 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 2 1 3 1 0 1 4 0 1 4 4 7 2 6 3 1 8 0 8 7 1 2 3 3 4 5 2 2 0 0 3 9 0 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 1 3 0 0 1 4 0 1 4 4 7 1 7 4 1 9 0 6 7 1 1 3 2 3 5 2 2 0 0 4 10 0 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 60 2 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 59 2 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 62 2 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 65 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Beverages",
"orig": "enm:Beverages",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"water vapour, condensation"
],
"id": "en-water-enm-noun-0hm3tvVO",
"links": [
[
"water vapour",
"water vapour#English"
],
[
"condensation",
"condensation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 24 47 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Water",
"orig": "enm:Water",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lake, pond, ocean, canal, body of water"
],
"id": "en-water-enm-noun-K63Aa58N",
"links": [
[
"lake",
"lake"
],
[
"pond",
"pond"
],
[
"ocean",
"ocean"
],
[
"canal",
"canal"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"water source, spring, well, fount"
],
"id": "en-water-enm-noun-ufXo~DHI",
"links": [
[
"spring",
"spring"
],
[
"well",
"well"
],
[
"fount",
"fount"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"solution, liquid mixture"
],
"id": "en-water-enm-noun-Cslear17",
"links": [
[
"solution",
"solution"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwatər/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwaːtər/"
}
],
"word": "water"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wed-",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *wódr̥",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Beverages",
"enm:Water"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "waterles"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "water"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en-geo",
"word": "watter"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie",
"lang_code": "en-geo",
"word": "wetter"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "watter"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "waudher"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "wadher"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "wather"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*wed-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wed-#Proto-Indo-European:_water"
],
[
"*-r̥",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r̥#Proto-Indo-European:_mass_nouns"
],
[
"*wódr̥",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wódr̥#Proto-Indo-European:_water"
],
[
"*watōr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/watōr#Proto-Germanic:_water"
],
[
"*watar",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/watar#Proto-West_Germanic:_water"
],
[
"wæter",
"wæter#Old_English:_water"
],
[
"wæter",
"wæter#Old_English"
],
[
"*watar",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/watar"
],
[
"*watōr",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/watōr"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wed-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:wæter<id:water>",
"id": "liquid",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wed-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *wódr̥\nProto-Germanic *watōr\nProto-West Germanic *watar\nOld English wæter\nMiddle English water\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*watōr\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*watar\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"wæter\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"water\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"liquid\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"water\" id=\"Middle_English:_liquid\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wæter"
},
"expansion": "Old English wæter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*watar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *watar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*watōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *watōr",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wed-\nProto-Indo-European *-r̥\nProto-Indo-European *wódr̥\nProto-Germanic *watōr\nProto-West Germanic *watar\nOld English wæter\nMiddle English water\nFrom Old English wæter, from Proto-West Germanic *watar, from Proto-Germanic *watōr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wateres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "watere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "watir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "waterre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "water",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "wateres"
},
"expansion": "water (plural wateres)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
76,
81
]
],
"ref": "c. 1190, Layamon, Brut, MS. Cotton Caligula A ix edition:",
"text": "al ſwa great ſwa a beam:\nþe he leide in ane walle ſtream.\nÞe ilke makeð þat water hot:\n& þan folc halwende.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"water (liquid H₂O)"
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"water vapour, condensation"
],
"links": [
[
"water vapour",
"water vapour#English"
],
[
"condensation",
"condensation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lake, pond, ocean, canal, body of water"
],
"links": [
[
"lake",
"lake"
],
[
"pond",
"pond"
],
[
"ocean",
"ocean"
],
[
"canal",
"canal"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"water source, spring, well, fount"
],
"links": [
[
"spring",
"spring"
],
[
"well",
"well"
],
[
"fount",
"fount"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"solution, liquid mixture"
],
"links": [
[
"solution",
"solution"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwatər/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwaːtər/"
}
],
"word": "water"
}
Download raw JSONL data for water meaning in Middle English (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.